Periodontal disease or gum disease refers to problems affecting gums. Untreated it destroys the supporting structures of the teeth and leads to tooth loss.
Endodontics specialises in the diagnosis of tooth pain and root canal treatments, as well as other surgical procedures treating the inside of the tooth.
Prosthodontics deals with the replacement of missing teeth and surrounding tissue with fixed or removable prostheses like crowns, bridges, dentures and veneers.
Dental hygienists work with dentists to help patients improve and maintain their mouth health, such as by performing tooth scaling and removing bad breath.